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THE READING PROJECT

Reading in the New Attention Economy

“The Reading Project”:  A Humanities Center Research Collaborative

The idea for this research collaborative emerged out of conversations about the difficulties that our students have in completing the assigned reading for class. Students themselves offer a range of explanations:  They cannot focus; they never developed the habit of reading; they have long struggled with reading; they are too busy to read; or they do not see the value in reading.

“The Reading Project” will explore these concerns and challenges by addressing three interrelated questions:
1.     What value does reading (still) have?
2.     Why do so many students find reading difficult and/or unimportant?
3.     What can we, as university instructors, do about it?

These three questions will guide the Research Collaborative in its yearlong discussion of articles on the subjects of attention and reading; Zoom conversations with specialists in the field; and focus groups with Miami students about their reading practices. We will conclude with a panel in spring 2026. These events are open to the entire Miami community—you can come to all of them or just to one or two, depending on your schedule and interest. Just as importantly, “The Reading Project” creates a community of faculty who care about student reading and who will continue to explore, experiment, and share their experiences with each other outside of these scheduled events and beyond this academic year.

Conduct of the Project:
The three questions above guided the Research Collaborative as it organized a yearlong series of discussions of articles on the subject of college reading, in-person conversations with specialists in the field, focus groups with Miami students about their reading practices, and a concluding panel in April 2026.

Findings:
The following “findings” simply represent the insights that I—Erik Jensen, one of the principal investigators— have drawn from this project. They do not necessarily represent the views of the other participants or the other three principal investigators.

First of all, the project has reminded me that many students, often a majority of them, still do read thoroughly, and they are genuine assets in the classroom. Lizzie Hutton’s tentative findings from the Student Focus Groups corroborate this conclusion, as well.

Second, one of the articles that we read that addressed the perceived decline in students’ college reading dated back to early 2007, and that article drew on the arguments of books that had appeared two or three years before that—in other words, well before the introduction of the first iPhone in January 2007. As the opening paragraphs of that 2007 article—a review essay titled “Learning to Read as Continuing Education,” by David A. Jolliffe (citation below)—made clear, pervasive complaints about students’ reluctance to read in college has been with us for a long time, even if it might be more serious now and is certainly of a different nature. As that article made clear to me, the question (or, really, complaint), "Do I really have to teach reading?," represents dead-end thinking. I have to teach the students that I have in front of me, and I need to teach them what I think they ought to know, regardless of what I think they ought to have "mastered" before they got to me. This has encouraged me to say to my students, "Let's work on how to read this text." A number of readings emphasized the need to start with my learning outcomes and teach backward from them, taking a close look at the final assignments and figuring out the relationship between reading, writing, and the assignments’ completion. 

Dan Keller’s talk on November 11, in particular, offered a number of contextual reminders, ideas, and approaches. He encouraged us to think of all of the ways in which, historically, societies have constantly sought to manage and lighten our reading loads:  abstracts, indexes, tables of contents, chapter organization, punctuation, headings, skimming, scanning, Control F, and even Evelyn Wood’s speed-reading courses (for which I remember TV ads in the 1970s), and Reader’s Digest Condensed Books (of which my dad was a huge fan). 

The scholar Robert Scholes has noted how puzzling it is that we have made writing so visible in the curriculum, but we have not done the same for reading.  Reading is “invisible,” part of the “hidden syllabus” or “hidden curriculum,” and something that we just assume that students know how to do. Moreover, we need to reassure students that reading is a constant exercise and challenge, and we can do so by talking about how we have struggled, too. It's not something that one either "gets" or doesn't. This helps to counter the self-defeating narrative that many students have, in which they tell themselves "I'm just not a good reader." (…. For those students who may have diagnosed reading challenges, of course, the situation is different.)

Other useful tips, approaches, and guidance that I have taken from the Reading Project include:

  • Surveying students about how they see reading: How confident do you feel about reading? What strategies do you use with a difficult text? What has been the most challenging reading, and why?
  • Providing students with extrinsic motivation to do the reading—such as reading quizzes, extensive discussion, and exams that clearly utilize the reading—as well as seeking to foster intrinsic motivation, by talking about the value of reading.
  • Designing my course to foreground and reinforce the role of reading, so that I send the message to my students about the importance and centrality of reading in the course
  • Previewing Readings: Give students a sense of purpose; why it matters; point to the challenges
  • With regard to A.I., I have increasingly been emphasizing why reading is a skill that needs to remain human; we need friction in order to produce original interpretations.
  • Emphasizing to students, again with respect to a problem with A.I., that the “authoritative ease” with which A.I. can summarize a book’s or article’s arguments and themes will necessarily be misleadingly simplified and straightforward-appearing.

This semester, I have experimented with some different approaches to reading in my classes, including a “choose your own adventure” experiment in my 300-level history class that drew on one of the insights of Lucy Calkins, a Columbia University researcher on the teaching of reading. She has argued that, if we want students to read, we need to let them read what they like to read. I tweaked this approach for HST 330N this semester (Spring 2026) by letting students decide whether they wanted to read historical documents such as letters, diary entries, and political treatises; or whether they wanted to read historical documents in the form of autobiographically-inflected novels.  About 40% of the class chose the former, and 60% the latter, and I divided them into two sections for our intensive discussions.  Over the course of the semester, each section gave oral presentations to the other about what they read and what they learned.  Did it work?  Not entirely, at least as I designed this first experimental iteration, since it shortened my class time with each section, but I am pondering potential changes that might make a different variation work in the future.

I have also experimented with having students read out loud together in class, which really helped us to dive deeper into difficult and important passages of texts, and it is something that I plan to do more of in the future.

Finally, a lot of participants in the Reading Project emphasized the need for the university to frame reading as a learning outcome and to talk to employers about reading as a job skill.  Along with critical thinking, written communication, and teamwork, attentive reading should be a central part of the “soft” skills that are now being rebranded as “durable” skills in this age of artificial intelligence. As A.I. reshapes entire industries, employers now value these “durable” skills more than technical ones, according to the Job Outlook 2025 report from the National Association of Colleges and Employers, and reading attentively is a skill that the Humanities, in particular, facilitate in our students.

Series Events:

  • Discussion (Session #1):  Introduction to the Reading Project, we discussed “What’s Happening to Reading? For many people, A.I. may be bringing the age of traditional text to an end,” Joshua Rothman, New Yorker (June 17, 2025) and “What if the Attention Crisis is all a Distraction? From the pianoforte to the smartphone, each wave of tech has sparked fears of brain rot. But the problem isn’t our ability to focus—it’s what we’re focusing on,” Daniel Immerwahr, New Yorker (January 20, 2025).
  • Discussion (Session #2):  Why do many students find reading difficult or unimportant? (Part I), we discussed “What Will Become of the Readers we Have Been?,” Chapter Four in Reader, Come Home: The Reading Brain in a Digital World, Maryanne Wolf (HarperCollins, 2018), 69-104, and “How We Read: Close, Hyper, Machine,” N. Katherine Hayles, ADE Bulletin, no. 150 (2010): 62-79.
  • Bonus Session:  Erik Jensen, Nicole Thesz, and Andrew Hebard met with Talawanda English teacher, Clare Squance at Kofenya, to talk about her experiences with high-school students’ reading practices.
  • Discussion (Session #3):  What can we, as university instructors, do about it? (Part I), we discussed “Academic reading as a grudging act: how do Higher Education students experience academic reading and what can educators do about it?,” Will Mason and Meesha Warmington, Higher Education (2024) 88: 839-856, and “Review Essay: Learning to Read as Continuing Education,” D.A. Jolliffe, College Composition & Communication, v58, no. 3 (2007): 470-494.
  • In-person Conversation with a specialist (Session #4): Invited Lecture: Daniel Keller (Associate Professor of English at OSU-Newark) on A.I., "Reading Instruction in an Age of AI: Guardrails and Scaffolds".
  • Discussion (Session #5):  What Value does Reading Have? We discussed passages from the following four articles: “A Chapter a Day—Association of Book Reading with Longevity,” Avni Bavishi, Martin D. Slade, and Becca R. Levy, Soc Sci Med (September 2016); “Short- and Long-Term Effects of a Novel on Connectivity in the Brain,” Gregory S. Berns, Kristina Blaine, Michael J. Prietula, and Brandon E. Pye, Brain Connectivity 3, no. 6 (2013); “Reading activity prevents long-term decline in cognitive function in older people: evidence from a 14-year longitudinal study,” Yu-Hung Chang, I-Chien Wu, and Chao A. Hsiung, International Psychogeriatrics, v33, no. 1 (2021); and “Reading fiction and reading minds: the role of simulation in the default network,” Diana I. Tamir, Andrew B. Bricker, David Dodell-Feder, and Jason P. Mitchell, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (2016).
  • Discussion (Session #6):  Why do many students find reading difficult or unimportant? (Part II), we discussed “The Collapse of Sustained Reading,” Chapter Four in Stolen Focus: Why You Can’t Pay Attention—and how to Think Deeply Again, Johann Hari (Crown, 2021); “Fight the Powerful Forces Stealing Our Attention,” D. Graham Burnett, Alyssa Loh, and Peter Schmidt (all members of the Friends of Attention collective), New York Times, November 27, 2023; and “Is This the End of Reading? Students are coming to college less able and less willing to read,” Beth McMurtrie, Chronicle of Higher Education (May 9, 2024).
  • Discussion (Session #7):  What can we, as university instructors, do about it? (Part II), we discussed Meaghan Brewer, “The Closer the Better? The Perils of an Exclusive Focus on Close Reading,” Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, v62, no. 6 (May/June 2019): 635-642, and “The Rise and Fall–and Rise?–of Close Reading: On John Guillory’s new history of a contested technique,” Timothy Aubry, Chronicle of Hither Education (December 10, 2024).
  • In-person Conversation with a specialist (Session #8): Invited Lecture: Michelle Sprouse (Bowling Green State University), “Making Reading Visible: Supporting Student Reading with Social Annotation".
  • Concluding Panel, with the findings of the Focus Groups (Session #9):  End-of-the-Year Faculty Forum, in which Lizzie Hutton presented the findings from the Student Focus Groups, and participants discussed what insights we had gained over the course of the yearlong Faculty Research Collaborative.
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